Uterine malformations occur during embryonic development in which the Müllerian ducts do not fuse together properly. The fusion of the Müllerian ducts should result in the formation of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix and upper portion of the vagina. Malformation of the ducts can have varying results. Types of Malformations:
Müllerian agenesis
The uterus is absent
Unicornuate uterus
Only half of the uterus forms; one fallopian tube is present
Uterus didelphys
There are two uterine cavities and two cervixes
Bicornuate uterus
The upper chamber of the uterus does not fuse properly leaving an indentation at the top of the uterus, giving it a heart shape.
Septated uterus
This is the most common uterine malformation. A septum made of fibrous tissue partially or completely separates the uterus into two. It is a result of the Müllerian ducts combining but the septum created remains. The newly formed uterus should reabsorb the tissue after the two ducts have fused together. The physician performs hysteroscopy to remove the septum.